新疆柯坪块体震源参数的初步研究与应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

潘振生  刘辉  谷美菊  李晓东  沈琦 《地震工程学报》2010,32(4):357-362,410

采用多台多地震联合反演的方法得到了新疆柯坪块体2006-2008年53次MS≥3.0中小地震的震源谱,进而计算了103次MS≥2.5地震的应力降、地震矩、震源破裂半径、视应力等震源参数,并讨论了它们与震级之间的关系。在此基础上分析了2006年以来柯坪块体上普昌断裂两侧区域及整个块体上应力降和地震视应力空间演化特征,并结合柯坪5.2级地震对研究结果应用于地震趋势预测和短临跟踪的可行性进行了探讨。  相似文献   

Geochemistry and Sm-Nd systematics of the 1.67 Ga Buanji Group of southwestern Tanzania: Paleo-weathering,provenance and paleo-tectonic setting implications     

Charles H. Kasanzu  Makenya A.H. Maboko  Shukrani Manya 《地学前缘(英文版)》2017,8(5):1025-1037

We present major and trace and Nd-isotopic data of the~1.67 Ga Buanji Group of southwestern Tanzania in order to constrain the nature of their protolith and the intensity of chemical weathering in the source terranes and make inferences on the nature of climatic conditions during the late Paleoproterozoic in the region. Major and trace element contents of the shales from three stratigraphic formations are comparable to those of the post-Archaean Australian Shale(PAAS) and the average Proterozoic Shale(PS). They are characterized by enrichments in LREE relative to HREE((La/Yb)_(CN)=9.07-13.2;(Gd/Yb)cN = 1.51-1.85) and negative Eu anomalies(Eu/Eu~* = 0.61-0.81); features which are comparable to those of PAAS and PS, indicating upper continental sources. Provenance proxy ratios,together with abundances of Cr, Ni, Co and V that increase up-stratigraphy suggest a decreasing input of felsic detritus up-stratigraphy. Chemical Indices of Alteration(CIA) for the lower, middle and upper Buanji formations are 81. 76 and 79, respectively. These indices largely indicate intermediate(ca. 60-80)to extreme(80) weathering intensities of the precursor rocks. These observations may suggest the prevalence of warm, humid climates during the late Paleoproterozoic in the region.The lower Buanji Formation yielded a depleted mantle Nd model age(T_(DM)) of 、2100 Ma which indicates an Eburnean parentage. T_(DM) ages of 2486-2155 Ma and 2535-2379 Ma obtained from middle and upper Buanji formations, respectively, suggest a progressive increase of sedimentary input from the Tanzania Craton up-stratigraphy. The Eburnean T_(DM) ages of the lower Buanji rocks are attributed to their derivation through denudation of a decaying topographic high composed predominantly of rocks that were generated during the Palaeoproterozoic Ubendian orogenesis, possibly in the realm of Columbian Supercontinent assembly. Overlapping T_(DM) ages between the middle and upper Buanji formations suggest multiple sources involving mixing of detritus from Archaean cratonic rocks and the Palaeoproterozoic Ubendian belt. However, the Archaean signal is relatively more pronounced in the upper Buanji Formation, suggesting sediments derivation from the craton, to the north of the basin. The middle Buanji Formation suggests more diverse protolith,given the relatively larger spread in the T_(DM) ages. The Nb/Ta, Zr/Sm and Ce/Pb ratios coupled with the negative Nb and Ta anomalies, relative to primitive mantle, suggest that the tectonic setting of the source rocks for the Buanji sediments was a subduction zone akin to that generating modern sland Arc Basalts. Thus, we suggest that the Buanji's palaeogeography is consistent with an extensional continental backarc basin during the late Paleoproterozoic.  相似文献   

Sedimentary evolution of overlapped sand bodies in terrestrial faulted lacustrine basin: Insights from 3D stratigraphic forward modeling     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2017

Terrestrial faulted lacustrine basins usually have large variabilities in structural subsidence and multiple river sources. The facies in such basins are thus characterised by frequently changed facies and complex relationship of overlapped sand bodies (e.g. Liaoxi Depression of Liaodong Bay, Bohai Sea, China). Therefore, it's a great challenge to quantitatively describe evolution of sand bodies and their overlap relationship. In this study a three-dimensional stratigraphic forward model is used to solve this problem, which is corrected according to well log data. After the parameter optimization was verified against borehole strata thickness and lithology, this model had a thickness error within 8%, and the lithology distribution agreed with the well data as a whole.Four evolution phases of the Shahejie 3 Formation were recognised through the modeling. In the first phase, the lake level rose, and the eastern fan delta sand developed. In the second phase, the fan delta sand scaled up, and the braided river delta front sand developed at a small scale. In the third phase, the lake level shifted from falling to rising, the fan delta sand further expanded the scale, and the braided river delta developed at a large scale. Sands on both sides overlapped at a large scale. In the fourth phase, the lake level rose, the lake basin expanded, and lake shale was the main lithology in the study area. From the sedimentary evolution of Es3 formation, sand overlapped in the third stage. In 39.75 Ma, two parts of the sand body began to overlap and reached largest scale in 39.6 Ma, which was approximately 10 km². Both then retrograded to a separation in 39 Ma when the overlap ended.Coupling stratigraphic forward simulation with uncertainty quantification allowed us to estimate the influence of each stratigraphic parameter on sand overlap. Fluvial discharge appears to be the most influential parameter while the initial bathymetry and lake level variations exert a minor to moderate impact.  相似文献   

Depositional environment and geochemical characteristics of the Lower Carboniferous source rocks in the Marsel area,Chu-Sarysu Basin,Southern Kazakhstan     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2017

There are two sets of carbonate source rocks in the Lower Carboniferous layers in Marsel: the Visean (C₁v) and Serpukhovian (C₁sr). However, their geochemical and geological characteristics have not been studied systematically. To assess the source rocks and reveal the hydrocarbon generation potential, the depositional paleoenvironment and distribution of C₁v and C₁sr source rocks were studied using total organic carbon (TOC) content, Rock-Eval pyrolysis and vitrinite reflectance (Ro) data, stable carbon isotope data, gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis data. The data were then compared with well logging data to understand the distribution of high-quality source rocks. The data were also incorporated into basin models to reveal the burial and thermal histories and timing of hydrocarbon generation. The results illustrated that the average residual TOC contents of C₁v and C₁sr were 0.79% and 0.5%, respectively, which were higher than the threshold of effective carbonate source rocks. Dominated by type-III kerogen, the C₁v and C₁sr source rocks tended to be gas-bearing. The two source rocks were generally mature to highly mature; the average Ro was 1.51% and 1.23% in C₁v and C₁sr, respectively. The source rocks were deposited in strongly reducing to weakly oxidizing marine–terrigenous environments, with most organic material originating from higher terrigenous plants and a few aquatic organisms. During the Permian, the deep burial depth and high heat flow caused a quick and high maturation of the source rocks, which were subsequently uplifted and eroded, stopping the generation and expulsion of hydrocarbons in the C₁v and C₁sr source rocks. The initial TOC fitted by the △logR method was recovered, and it suggests that high-quality source rocks (TOC ≥ 1%) are mainly distributed in the northern and central local structural belt.  相似文献   

Present temperature field and Cenozoic thermal history in the Dongpu depression,Bohai Bay Basin,North China     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2017

The Dongpu depression is located in the southern Bohai Bay Basin, North China, and it has abundant oil and gas reserves. There has been no systematic documentation of this depression's temperature field and thermal history. In this article, the present geothermal gradient and heat flow were calculated for 68 wells on the basis of 892 formation-testing data from 523 wells. Moreover, the Cenozoic thermal history was reconstructed using 466 vitrinite reflectance data from 105 wells. The results show that the Dongpu depression is characterized by a medium-temperature field between stable and active tectonic areas, with an average geothermal gradient of 34.8 °C/km and an average heat flow of 66.8 mW/m². The temperature field in the Dongpu depression is significantly controlled by the Changyuan, Huanghe, and Lanliao basement faults and thin lithosphere thickness. The geothermal gradient twice experienced high peaks. One peak was during the Shahejie 3 Formation depositional period, ranging from 45 °C/km to 48 °C/km, and the second peak was in the middle and late of the Dongying Formation depositional period, ranging from 39 °C/km to 40 °C/km, revealing that the Dongpu depression experienced two strong tectonic rifts during the geothermal gradient high peak periods. The geothermal gradient began to decrease from the Neogene, and the geothermal gradient is 31–34 °C/km at the present day. In addition, these results reveal that source rock thermal evolution is controlled by the paleo temperature field of the Dongying Formation depositional period in the Dongpu depression. This study may provide a geothermal basis for deep oil and gas resource evaluation in the Dongpu depression.  相似文献   

南鄱阳坳陷海相烃源岩晚期生烃论证   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

梁兴  叶舟  郑华平  杨斌  徐克定  张廷山  周松源 《海相油气地质》2005,10(3):7-18

南鄱阳坳陷为一“上张下压”双层结构的叠合盆地,存在海相—海陆过渡相的上二叠统茅口组和龙潭组以及上三叠统安源组三套烃源岩。烃源岩的热演化程度随上覆白垩纪—古近纪区域盖层厚度成正比增加,中燕山期不整合面附近不存在Ro值“上低下高”的跳跃式变化,白垩系沉积期末,二叠系、上三叠统烃源岩达到了地质历史上的最大埋藏深度,表明晚期叠置的白垩纪—古近纪伸展沉积盖层是导致这些烃源岩达到现今热演化程度并出现晚期生烃的根本原因。中燕山期不整合面附近存在活跃的油气显示,这些原油从地化特征上可分为两大类型。产自LT1井周家店组底部的原油是由龙潭组树皮煤(Ⅱ型干酪根)形成的典型煤成油,且以轻质油为主,未遭受过地表水氧化与生物降解改造,从而证明中燕山期以后确实存在海相烃源岩的晚期生烃。盆地模拟分析表明,坳陷内海相烃源岩晚期生烃现象普遍,生烃强度可达油(150～280)×104t/km2,气(35.5～52.4)×108m3/km2,预示着该叠合盆地晚期成藏具备烃源基础。  相似文献   

Sources and chronology of fifteen elements in the sediments of lakes affected by metal deposition in a mining area     

Yves?CouillardEmail author  Antonella?Cattaneo  Céline?Gallon  Michel?Courcelles 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2008,40(1):97-114

Sources and chronologies of metal contamination were studied in sediment cores of three lakes of the Rouyn-Noranda mining area (Québec, Canada) affected by atmospheric deposition of anthropogenic contaminants. One of the three lakes also received acid mine drainage. The sediments were dated using ²¹⁰Pb and ¹³⁷Cs and analysed for stable Pb isotope ratios and for total concentrations of 15 elements (Ag, Al, Au, Ca, Cu, Cd, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, P, Pb, S, Ti, Zn). Stable lead isotopic signatures helped to determine the quantitative contributions of different industrial Pb sources to our sampling sites. This source apportionment showed the dominant influence of the Rouyn-Noranda copper smelter in airborne Pb emissions for the decades following 1926, when industrialization began in the region. The smelter source had a low ratio of ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb ranging between 0.90 and 1.05, as typical of the Abitibi Archean sulphides. The relationships between element (metal) sedimentary fluxes and anthropogenic Pb fluxes allowed us to infer the origin of the anthropogenic source. These relationships strongly suggest that the copper smelter was (and may still be) an atmospheric source of Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag and Hg to the surrounding lakes. Our study indicates that the efforts made by the Rouyn-Noranda copper smelter to reduce airborne emissions of metals have been translated in reduced atmospheric metal loadings to the surrounding lakes.  相似文献   

青海东部过马营-同仁花岗岩带地质地球化学特征     

郝太平 《青海国土经略》1992,(2)

通过对过马营-同仁一带侵位于晚三叠世陆相火山岩中的印支期花岗岩类杂岩体的岩石学、岩石化学、地球化学、稀土元素定量模拟、Sr 同位素资料的初步研究,结合大地构造背景分析认为该杂岩体属壳型或S 型花岗岩类,由于岩浆成分受陆壳源岩成分的控制,又具有过渡型或同熔型花岗岩的某些特点。  相似文献   

震源体破裂行为的重整化群方法研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨国栋  郭大庆 《华南地震》1997,17(2):1-8

应用重整化群方法对一维、二维和三维震源体的破裂问题进行了研究，得到了一维、二维和三辰原体破裂的临界概率值分别国０．２０６３、０．１７０７和０．１５９９，相关长度指数分别为１．４３８８、０．８０８４和０．５７５７。进而由此揭示了临界概率和相关长度指数随维数增大而减少的变化规律。  相似文献   

Paleoenvironments, organic petrology and Rock-Eval studies on source rock facies of the Lower Maastrichtian Patti Formation, southern Bida Basin, Nigeria     

S.O. Akande  O.J. Ojo  B.D. Erdtmann  M. Hetenyi 《Journal of African Earth Sciences》2005,41(5):91

The southern Bida Basin in central Nigeria forms a part of the larger Bida or Middle Niger Basin, which is contiguous with the south east trending (petroliferous) Anambra Basin. These basins were major depocenters for Campanian–Maastrichtian sediments in southern and central Nigeria prior to the build up of the Tertiary Niger delta. The successions in the southern Bida Basin consist of the basal Lokoja Formation, overlain by the Patti Formation and capped by the Agbaja Formation. The Lokoja Formation is a sequence of matrix supported conglomerates and sandstones overlying the Pre-Cambrian to Lower Paleozoic basement. Depositional environments are predominantly within fluvial systems of a continental setting. The Patti Formation consists of dark grey carbonaceous shales; mudstone and siltstones representing flood plains to shallow marine deposits with likely organic rich intervals. The overlying Agbaja Formation is made up of ferruginised oolitic and kaolinitic mudstone of a marginal marine environment. Twenty samples of shales of the Patti Formation were studied by incident light microscopy and geochemical analysis to determine the maceral components, geochemical type and potential yield of the pyrolysate. Maceral analysis indicate a large abundance of vitrinite (50–85%; mean = 66%); moderate abundance of liptinites (10–33%; mean = 18%) and lesser amounts of inertinite (9–40%; mean = 16%). Total organic carbon (TOC) values vary from 0.17 to 3.8 wt.% (mean = 2.1 wt.%) with most samples having greater than 2 wt.% TOC. Three of the samples yield greater than 2 kg_(HC)/ton of rock suggesting a fair source rock potential. Most of the samples are thermally immature to marginally mature with vitrinite reflectance ranging from 0.4 to 0.6% R_om and T_max values of 407–426 °C. Given the prevalence of the humic Type III kerogen, maturity and hydrocarbon potential yields, we conclude that the Patti Formation source rock facies have moderate to fair potential for gaseous hydrocarbons which have not yet been generated at the present day outcrop levels but could be important gas source where buried down-dip.  相似文献